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Refractive surgical
procedures include any and all procedures that reduce refractive error, i.e.,
reduction of myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism.
All of these procedures are designed to minimize dependence on eyeglasses and
contact lenses, and represent exciting and extraordinary advances in the field
of ophthalmology.
The best procedure for any given individual
depends on many factors, including age, type of refractive error (nearsightedness,
etc.), degree of refractive error, and concern for reversibility. Certain refractive
procedures have been studied and utilized extensively (e.g., LASIK and radial
keratotomy) while others discussed below are still being evaluated in FDA regulated
trials (e.g., phakic IOLs). While each type of procedure
has its own risks and benefits, each site visitor is cautioned to discuss the
intended procedure in detail with his or her ophthalmologist prior to making any
decision for surgery. An exhaustive review of the risks and benefits of each procedure
will not be detailed here.
Type of the Refractive Surgery | 
